Events
Events are activities like a Pull Request, a commit, a new issue creation, etc, that can trigger a workflow.
Workflows
A Workflow is a configurable automated process that is triggered whenever an event occurs. A Workflow is composed of jobs.
Jobs
A job is a process that is executed within its own virtual machine runner, and it has one or more steps. Jobs are ran in parallel unless dependencies between jobs are defined.
Actions
An action is an application that performs a complex task. It can be used within workflows.